How does Canada's climate vary across the country?

Canada's climate is characterized by significant variation across its vast geography, which is why the correct answer highlights the range from Arctic in the North to temperate in the South. In the northern regions, the climate is predominantly cold, with long winters and short, cool summers typical of Arctic conditions. This includes tundra environments where vegetation is limited due to the harsh conditions.

As one moves southward, the climate transitions to more temperate conditions, especially in areas like Southern Ontario and British Columbia, where milder temperatures allow for a diverse range of plant and animal life. Coastal regions experience a maritime climate, while the Prairies can experience hot summers and cold winters due to their continental climate characteristics.

Understanding this variation is crucial for appreciating how geography, latitude, and altitude influence climate patterns throughout Canada.